Police Misconduct And Criminal Justice - 923 Words

Introduction Police executives have always had different issues within the police department. Most police executives try to find a quick fix in order to solve the issue of police misconduct. Police misconduct is defined as inappropriate action taken by police officers in relation with their official duties (Police Misconduct Law Legal Definition, n.d.). In order to solve this issue, one must acknowledge their different challenges, overcome the â€Å"code of silence†, and find out the role of organizational culture. Challenges Facing Police Executives There are many challenges facing the police executives in the 21st century, such as civil disorder and criminal prosecution of officers. In recent years there have been quite a few civil disorders. A civil disorder is a situation in which some citizens behave in a way that threatens the wellbeing of other citizens or the peace of a community (Cambridge Dictionaries, 2016). In the past seven years there has been a quite a few civil disorders in the United States, such as the 2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest, the 2014 protest in Ferguson, Missouri, and the protests in New York, New York and Berkeley California after a grand jury did not indict a police officer in the death of Eric Garner. Due to the causes of some of these protests, the public have a distrust and lack of confidence in the law and the legal system (Tyler, 2013). As a police executive, one would have to make decisions in hopes not only to not causeShow MoreRelatedPolice Mis conduct And The Criminal Justice System1039 Words   |  5 PagesPolice unethical operations, imposes high cost on police, the criminal justice system, and society. Criminal activity by a police officer undermines the basic integrity of law enforcement and the grounds which the laws were based on. Regardless if an officer takes a small bribe or is involve in a drug trade, the corruption forever change the relationship between communities and the face of justice. . . Unethical Police Operation When a Police Officer abuses his authority, it is called policeRead MoreEthics And Character Analysis Interviews1677 Words   |  7 Pagesproperty. In most cases, however, we hear news of police officer involvement in criminal activities or unethical behavior such as theft, robbery, abuse of authority and excessive coercion. The indication of police using force against suspects and committing crimes does not appear favorable to the public because people have entrusted them for their protection. Therefore, to address and effectively reduce crime, practitioners in the criminal justice system at the federal, state, and local levels mustRead MoreEthical Issues in Criminal Justice Essay647 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Criminal Justice field today. If the police force condoned unethical behavior, there would be very little, if any, justice being served. Official police misconduct is any â€Å"objectionable actions taken by police officers in connection with their official duties, which can lead to a miscarriage of justice†. (wikipedia.com). However, â€Å"police misconduct may include a broader range of misconduct, reflecting the high standards that we expect of police officers. Unlike official misconduct, police misconductRead MorePolice Brutality And The Law Enforcement846 Words   |  4 Pagesbecoming more frequent over the past couple of years. When you hear about these cases of police brutality, how often is it that law enforcement officials are punished for the crime they have perpetrated? Most of the time the law enforcement officials, who are very well in the wrong do not get any kind of punishment whatsoever for the crimes that they have committed and it all comes back to the power that they have. Police brutality cases have been on the rise in the last couple of years where it is notRead MoreDiscretion Within The Criminal Justice Process1667 Words   |  7 PagesDiscretion in policing and the court system is a necessary and unavoidable facet of crim inal justice work, yet it is still very controversial. Discretion exists when courtroom actors (police officers, attorneys, judges) have the flexibility to choose an appropriate response to a situation. Police discretion is defined as â€Å"The opportunity of law enforcement officers to exercise choice in their daily activities† (Nowacki, 2015). This means that actors with a great deal of discretion at their disposalRead MoreThe Canadian Justice System Is Built On The Principal Of The Presumption Of Innocence1707 Words   |  7 PagesThe Canadian Justice System is built on the principal of the presumption of innocence where emphasis is placed on on ensuring that the innocent go free rather than the guilty being convicted (Huff, 2013). However, miscarriages of justice occur when an individual is wrongfully conviction, and such an occurrence tarnishes the system’s reputation greatly (Campbell Denov, 2005). According to the edited case files presented by Moldaver (2009 ), Romeo Phillion was wrongly convicted of the murder of anRead MorePolice Brutality : Public And Critical Eye1052 Words   |  5 PagesOntiveros Mr. Haven ENG110-23 April 13, 2016 Police Brutality Throughout many year police has become more aggressive towards the people of color. They have excessively used their power to discriminate and brutally beat minorities. Police brutality is a very serious problem that many Americans face today. Police should be held accountable for their misconduct towards people of color and be punished severely. Police action in particularly to police abuse has come to the attention of the world wideRead MoreMoral Ethics1041 Words   |  5 Pageswith criminal justice ethics, organizational culture may influence the level at which ethics would be applied. Additionally, when handling matters of police misconduct, ethics are likely to be compromised. This assertion is due to some organizational cultural practices practiced by most police departments. For instance, when dealing with misconduct within the police department, the most preferred means used are legal means. The other alternative to use in addressing the issues of police misconductRead MoreThe United States Criminal Justice System Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States criminal justice system can be described as flawed in many ways. Some of these flaws have a larger impact on the people of this country than others. Two of the largest problems we have currently revolve around the issues of wrongful convictions and prosecutorial misconduct. The whole criminal justice system revolves around making sure people follow the laws put in place, and if they do not punish them for their wrongdoing. This system is also about affording the same rights to everyRead MoreThe Use Of Dna Tests For Hair And Blood Samples897 Words   |  4 Pagesinvestigative process. Police misconduct or mistaken eyewitness testimony can ruin the rest of a person’s life. The criminal justice system can be changed to prevent the latter by reforming the type of evidence allowed to be used when convicti ng a person. Most cases of wrongful conviction are either police initiated, which begin with the assumption that a specific person is guilty, or witness initiated, which contains an articulate eyewitness testimony. Police Initiated Police investigations often

Robert Frost Poetry Analysis Essay - 792 Words

Robert Frost takes our imagination to a journey through wintertime with #8232;his two poems Desert Places and Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. These two poems reflect the beautiful scenery that is present in the snow covered woods and awakens us to new feelings. Even though these poems both have winter settings they contain very different tones. One has a feeling of depressing loneliness and the other a feeling of welcome solitude. They show how the same setting can have totally different impacts on a person depending on #8232;their mindset at the time. These poems are both made up of simple stanzas and diction but they are not straightforward poems. In the poem Desert Places the speaker is a man who is traveling†¦show more content†¦The speakers depression stems mainly from his unwanted responsibility and feeling of regret. The basic conflict in the poem, which is resolved in the last stanza, is between an attraction toward the woods and the drudgery of life and responsibility outside of the woods. And miles to go before I sleep,/ And miles to go before I sleep (line 15-16). The tone of the speaker in Desert Places is opposite of Stopping by Woods, the speaker is much more bothered by his emotions and portrays a deep dark depressing mood. As the snow throws its blanket of whiteness over everything, to the speaker, it is a feeling of numbness. The loneliness includes me unawares (line 9). The speaker has lost his passion for life and is also in denial about feeling alone. He is at a stage where he just does not care about too much and he is feeling a bit paranoid. They cannot scare me with their empty spaces (line 13). He is saying who cares how I feel; I do not need anyone else. I have in me so much nearer home/ To scare myself with my own desert places (line 15-16). The speaker was starting to realize that he had shut himself off to the world. He recognized that this winter place was like his life. He had let depression and loneliness creep in and totally take over like the snow that had crept up on the woods and covered it. If he continues to let thes e feelings runShow MoreRelatedPoetry Analysis Robert Frost Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesPOETRY ANALYSIS: DESIGN Robert Frosts poem Design seemingly disputes the question whether there is a design to life; yet, he is not able to establish an answer. Despite the comlexity of his poem his implied message is rather simple. Frosts statement clarified humans eagerness to finding a meaning to life and an essential background and reason to events, regardless of how small and insignificant they might be. His work states an advice not to interpret too much into insignificant conincidencesRead MoreAnalysis Of Robert Frost s Poetry1219 Words   |  5 Pagesthan a modern poet, it is difficult to place him in the main current of modern poetry. (1962:138) Because Frost s poetry has been responsive and illustrative of the Americans taste and aspirations, the latter have considered him their singer and bard to be acclaimed as America s Grand Man of Poetry as pointed out by Adlia Stevenson. (Grave,1985:2). Moreover, who is generally considered as one of the most prominent American poets of the 20th century, he is a symbolist poet on the groundsRead MoreRobert Frost s Writing Style1589 Words   |  7 Pages Robert Frost once said, â€Å"The figure a poem makes. It begins in delight and ends in wisdom... in a clarification of life - not necessarily a great clarification, such as sects and cults are founded on, but in a momentary stay against confusion† (Robert Frost Quotes). This same kind of thinking opened the door for metaphorical poetry that helped to show the poets transparency. His love for the social outcast and the struggles of his life are exhibited greatly in his poems. Robert Frost helpedRead MoreThe Biography of Robert Lee Frost600 Words   |  3 Pages The Biography of Robert Lee Frost Introduction: Robert Frost was described as one of the most greatest poets in the 20th century and became a sensation for poetry. Its not just his poems that interest the reader, but also his quotes can fulfill your compassion. For example, â€Å"No tears in the writer, no tears in the reader. No surprise in the writer, no surprise in the reader† written by Robert Frost. He is explaining if the reader does not feel the connection in the writers thought, the writerRead MoreEssay about Analysis of the Poems of Robert Frost1316 Words   |  6 Pagesthan Robert Frost. Robert Frost is a poet that is well known for his poetic contributions to nature, as well as his award winning poems. His poetic ability and knowledge make him an extraordinary author. His past; including schooling, family, and the era in which he wrote influenced nearly all of his poems in some way. This very famous poet contributed to the modernism era, had a family and an interesting life story, and a unique poetic style as we ll. The literary era in which Robert Frost wroteRead MoreModern F. Robert Frost1547 Words   |  7 PagesDavid Ahlman Charles Vogel English 2520-601 Due Date: November 9th, 2015 Robert Frost: Modern Multiplicity Robert Frost is a multiple poet. –Louis Untermeyer What is customary and, therefore, stereotypical of modern artistic thought is the belief that only one central meaning can be gathered from any one reading; that these singular interpretations support, give credence and justify hegemonic forces or grand narratives in society. Defining the term â€Å"modern† in his work The Postmodern Condition:Read MoreAnalysis Of The Poem My August Guest By Robert Frost Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesPaper #1: Formalist Analysis The term â€Å"formalism† refers to a critical approach that analyzes, interprets, or evaluates the features of a text. These features include not only grammar and syntax but also literary devices such as meter, and metaphor. The formalist approach does not pay attention to a text s historical, biographical, or geographical context. A formal analysis, is the formal analyzation of a text. This paper will delve into the formal analysis of two distinct poems, written by differentRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1221 Words   |  5 PagesWhile gazing at the farmland on the rural outskirts of Derry, NH, Robert Frost created an American masterpiece. â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, is a dynamic and deep poem orchestrated to perfection. However, equal to its acclaim, is the misunderstanding of the poem. A piece of literature of this stature deserves to be under the microscope of our classes critical discussions. I believe that the time would be beneficial to everyone. Giv ing a breath of fresh air to a poem that has been abused by Hallmark cardsRead MoreEssay on Robert Frosts Life and Accomplishments1244 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"In three words I can sum up everything I’ve learned about life: it goes on.† After a lifetime of ups and downs, Robert Frost said this quote. Most of his poems already shared his message, that life is not as easy as it may first appear to be. He used the simplicity of nature and vernacular speech to give his poems a casual mood, though underneath they display a much deeper meaning of life. These poems help to show people just some of the difficult things that will be faced in life, despite everythingRead MoreEssay on Robert Frost1443 Words   |  6 Pages Robert Lee Frost was born in San Francisco on March 26, 1874 and died in Boston on January 29, 1963. Frost was considered to be one of America’s leading 20th century poets and a four-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize. He was an essentially pastoral poet who was often associated with rural New England. Frost wrote poems of a philosophical region. His poems were traditional but he often said as a dig at his archrival Carl Sandburg, that â€Å"he would soon play tennis without a net as write free verse

Corruption in Law Enforcement free essay sample

What ever happened to the righteous law enforcement officers who abided by what they enforced? Today the numbers of people who have been exposed to unnecessary force by police officers has begun to rise substantially. In 2002, large state and local law enforcement agencies received more that 26,000 citizen complaints. Statistics have shown that there is corruption in not only the officers themselves, but the law enforcement department as well. Most of the cases that are filed regarding inappropriate use of force from officers are either disregarded or written off. There are only about 8% of the complaints that actually are sustained and disciplinary actions taken against the subject officers. This trend is evident in all branches and divisions of the police department, from the municipal police, to the county police. These statistics were brought up by the 2003 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS), with sponsoring from the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), and the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS). We will write a custom essay sample on Corruption in Law Enforcement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They developed a method to come up with all of these statistics called the Police Public Contact Survey (PPCS). This questioned citizens about their interactions with police officers during the previous 12 months. After the survey, there were 26,556 citizen complaints about police received. 84% of those complaints were for the municipal department, 11% for the sheriffs’ office, and 3% for both the county police and the primary state law enforcement. Of all of these complaints from victims, only a mere 8% of the officers received disciplinary action. The complaints can be dismissed or voided due to several different reasons; if there was insufficient evidence, complaints were unfounded, the officer’s actions were found to be lawful and proper, or the complaint was simply withdrawn. This outrage is not just confined to solely the United States, there are similar things happening in Wales and England. At the end of March, 2003, the police in England and Wales received a total of 6,154 complaints alleging assault by officers. The law enforcement is abusing its power around the globe. When the civilians really began to complain there were some agencies that created a civilian complaint review board (CCRB). Those agencies that had one in their jurisdiction saw a greater amount of complaints coming in than those agencies that didn’t have a CCRB. There were 158 per agency that had a review bored versus 18 per agency that didn’t have one. With the dawning of 2003, 82% of large Municipal Police departments had an internal affairs unit; this proved to be a problem for those departments that contained one. The overall citizen complaints rate was much larger in those that had a unit rather than those that didn’t. The ratio was 54:5 which is quite a significant difference. However, one thing that the internal affairs unit did do was it made the complaints twice as likely to be found not sustained than in agencies without a unit. Finally in 2003, the municipal agencies began using personnel monitoring systems which were computer-based officer performance monitoring systems. One would assume that the rate of unnecessary force from police officers would begin to dissipate, but it didn’t. The overall rate of force complaints was higher on a per agency basis! Shortly afterwards, 53% of the large municipal police departments drew up a written policy of external investigation. The policy stated that all citizen complaints of inappropriate force receive separate investigation outside the commanding area of the accused officer. This just caused the number of complaints to go up once again. Administrative appeal was then introduced in attempt to give the accusing citizens justice. Those agencies that had an appeal saw a lower number of complaints that those that didn’t have one. Another method that was introduced in 2003 was collective bargaining; this would often cover disciplinary processes and, sometimes handle citizen complaints. That method was used by 73% of the municipal police departments and caused an unsurprising increase in the number of complaints from citizens. All of these methods were devised during 2003 in attempt to cover up the misuse of authority and power of law enforcement. All of them did now render the departments the results that they wanted. Only with time can we hope that the original and proper intents and actions of law enforcement officers will return and bring justice and peace to our communities once again.

Modern Day †Research Paper Essay Sample free essay sample

I. Approval Sheet In a Modern twenty-four hours of engineering new appliances and devices are exist while many human existences are addicted on it. I wonder why in our past coevals. why many of us can make the same things without the usage of new engineering? In fact. many of them become hardworking because there are no tools or devices must utilize. In our twenty-four hours today called â€Å"Day of Modernity† all human existences become lazy they depend on the devices which our discoverer and scientist made or develop. As twelvemonth and clip base on balls by our universe is good hi-tech ( High Technology ) . many people are more lazy. In Addition. I made this sort of Research works to halt all human Beings who exist in our starship called the planet Earth to cognize what are the causes and effects when the depend on engineering and what are some stairss to be independent while modern engineering came in. We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Day – Research Paper Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I asked one of the pupil in Marigondon National High School Where I Studied whose named is Jade Alcantara a 3rd twelvemonth high school all about why they cut categories due to computing machine games? I quote â€Å" Ang ubang estudyante minute cutting ug klase pareha nako parity makalimtan Air National Guard mga problema nga naa SA ilang kinabuhi pareha nako! Ug usa sab kay maglinga-lingaw sad myocardial infarction ginagmay† Unqoute. We must O.K. this research work to halt or to act upon all human existences particularly pupils to be non an nut in computing machine games and seeking to prosecute to work hard. to hold a strong finding if they want to accomplish one time ends or things. place and I want your blessing all about my research paper as what you know my concern is? Needed the blessing of our instructor in English IV which Mrs. Mae Zafra as her demands for the 4th grading period. II. Recognition Writing is non a lone attempts. particularly it is non a computing machine games that is easy to accomplish. and as ever. there are many people to thank for giving their energy and attempts to complete this research paper. many ways to honour. Of class. I’d thought a batch of different manner to state thank you harmonizing to the list is our God from heaven above which give me the strength to do my work. the finding. the inspiration that I could complete my research works and particularly â€Å"I Googled It! † ( Without looking it up can you do your ain research paper ) through this web site it helps me a batch! It makes me inquire a things or a words which is unfamiliar to me and it gives me a significance same as a dictionary. particularly reading some books ; through this I can garner all the information all about the said subject and it makes me all things wonder which I could compose a batch of information through my research. At the top of my list is I want to state thank you my friend Andrew Pineda for giving all his attempts and his sentiment of what is computing machine dependence towards modernness is? All I want to state you’re such a cherished as a diamond because I care for you and I don’t want you to lose in my bosom such like a diamond friend you have which is me! I know at the underside of your bosom in my bosom excessively we will be everlastingly and of all time be a labakabadubiEEE friend as many old ages and yearss tand clip base on balls by. which decease can divide our friendly relationship. Barkada’s Next ; Ivan Cuyag. Sept Joshua Lozada. and Jade Alcantara for all the yearss chew the fating and murmuring with me all about my work. giving me an thought of how can I make my research works. all of your moral supports helps a batch to complete my research paper and being as my interviewee. Who gave me strength. finding to complete my research paper even though there are tonss of things I’ve ask you. That your replies are non rectify its O.K. because I know if who you are and what you have done every clip we talk. All I can state â€Å"Terima Kasih† intending thank you in Indonesian. Nicholas Sparks. for being my inspiration as an writer. I want to research unfamiliar words which you’ve done in every books that you have even though I would non be the same as you I’ll seek my best to be your fan. I’ve explore a batch of words which hard to me through the aid of my â€Å"lubhidubhiee† lexicon which is the Miriam Webster Dictionary ; thanks for giving me all the significance of the words which is difficult to me I know without you I can’t make my research perfect as you. Mrs. Mae Zafra ; my fantastic and beautiful instructor who give us the chance to do a sort of research paper to be our usher when we took up college that we will be made our paper easier through her aid that we made a child of plants which college pupil have done all I can state â€Å"je zo’n groot leraar hebben we† a Dutch linguistic communication which intend YOUR SUCH A GREAT TEACHER WE HAVE. III. Abstract Many several old ages have passed and Modern Technology came in. As what we saw many people depend on engineering. In fact. some human being usage engineering as their day-to-day activity wont alternatively of holding some physical activity which some become lazy. from the word dependence you can all state. it is excessively much usage of something or excessively much drama this in every activity of your life. There are some pupil cut categories because of engineering ( Computer Game ) . Me. myself and I try to research more. why do people go an nut? What is the ground why they engage this sort of activity which is bad? But some people use the engineering in good manner 91 % of them is to be exact make this sort of activity. In fact. it is the chief job for the parents and the large inquiry grade. inquiry for the parents such as â€Å"Why my kid addicted in engineering appliances? † and what should we make to halt their dependence? Nowadays. the kids spend their clip in the co mputing machine. for them it’s the games and engineering epoch non the bike epoch once more. It is how the new engineering affects the neurotransmitters of the users. How they become addict for our modern engineering came in. Parents get covetous with computing machine because their eggs ( Children ) give more clip to the computing machine than them. But some of the kids feel same as the state of affairs. Computer! Gives the followers ; Happiness. Makes our work efficient. it is now our chief wont. as our merriment. But we don’t cognize as an Individual we all know its bad effects to us it makes our life ruin it made us lazy. don’t have a clip to read because we depend on it ( Computer ) neer read some informational books. merely Google it! And one chink the reply will look. addicted! †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . Bored! it is the one ground who pursue us that we can utilize of computing machine. Games will do us merriment we will neer be bored through it but allow all retrieve its consequence which is enormous as I can state!

Animal Dreams essays

Animal Dreams essays People dream about whatever they do when theyre awake. Dreams, what [one] hopes for, [are] not separate from [ones] life (133; ch.12). In Barbara Kingsolvers novel, Animal Dreams, each characters hopes, aspirations, and hardships are intricately woven throughout their lives and intertwined in their dreams. In the case of Codi Noline, the novels central character, foresight played both the role of the adversary and the desired. With the help of those surrounding her, such as her ailing father, Dr. Homero Noline, her adventurous sister, Hallie, a colorful local, Dona Althea, and her naturalist, hog-head boyfriend, Loyd, Codi finds closure and a place in her heart for the love that has forever been bestowed upon her. Each of these characters dreams reflects their innate and cultural instincts. For some, lack of faith and fear of rejection blockaded the gates to happiness, while other characters in the novel displayed courageous and directed efforts in order for their dreams to be come realized. In search of a place in the sun, a place to belong, Codi Noline set out on a journey to return to her hometown of Grace where during her childhood she had felt like an outcast. Lacking both sleep and dreams, she attempted to search for her life, her past, and any hint of connection with her distant, ailing father. Due to the lack of male influence and attention from Dr. Noline, Codi sought solace in the arms of her lovers. This constant desire for companionship left her helpless and alone. Her attempts to be brave were reinforced by her restablished relationship with Loyd Peregrina (200; ch.17). Codis main goal in life since she was young was to fit in, but unfortunately she was always an oddity in Grace, forced to wear orthopedic shoes and read encyclopedias (219; ch.18). After the death of her mother and the miscarriage of her baby, Codi feare...

War of 1812 Overview - Campaigns of 1814

War of 1812 Overview - Campaigns of 1814 1813: Success on Lake Erie, Failure Elsewhere | War of 1812: 101 | 1815: New Orleans Peace A Changing Landscape As 1813 came to a close, the British began to focus their attention on the war with the United States. This began as an increase in naval strength which saw the Royal Navy expand and tighten their full commercial blockade of the American coast. This effectively eliminated the majority of American commerce which led to regional shortages and inflation. The situation continued to worsen with the fall of Napoleon in March 1814. Though initially heralded by some in the United States, the implications of the French defeat soon became apparent as the British were now freed to increase their military presence in North America. Having failed to capture Canada or force peace during the wars first two years, these new circumstance put the Americans on the defensive and transformed the conflict into one of national survival. The Creek War As the war between the British and Americans raged, a faction of the Creek nation, known as the Red Sticks, sought to halt white encroachment into their lands in the Southeast. Agitated by Tecumseh and led by William Weatherford, Peter McQueen, and Menawa, the Red Sticks were allied with the British and received arms from the Spanish in Pensacola. Killing two families of white settlers in February 1813, the Red Sticks ignited a civil war among between the Upper (Red Stick) and Lower Creek. American forces were drawn in that July when US troops intercepted a party of Red Sticks returning from Pensacola with arms. In the resulting Battle of Burnt Corn, the American soldiers were driven away. The conflict escalated on August 30 when over 500 militia and settlers were massacred just north of Mobile at Fort Mims. In response, Secretary of War John Armstrong authorized military action against the Upper Creek as well as a strike against Pensacola if the Spanish were found to be involved. To deal with the threat, four volunteer armies were to move into Alabama with the goal of meeting at the Creek holy ground near the confluence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers. Advancing that fall, only Major General Andrew Jacksons force of Tennessee volunteers achieved meaningful success, defeating the Red Sticks at Tallushatchee and Talladega. Holding an advanced position through the winter, Jacksons success was rewarded with additional troops. Moving out from Fort Strother on March 14, 1814, he won a decisive victory at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend thirteen days later. Moving south into the heart of the Creek holy ground, he built Fort Jackson at the junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa. From this post, he informed the Red Sticks that they were surrender and sever ties with the British and Spanish or be c rushed. Seeing no alternative, Weatherford made peace and concluded the Treaty of Fort Jackson that August. By the terms of the treaty, the Creek ceded 23 million acres of land to the United States. Changes Along the Niagara After two years of embarrassments along the Niagara frontier, Armstrong appointed a new group of commanders to achieve victory. To lead American forces, he turned to newly promoted Major General Jacob Brown. An active commander, Brown had successfully defended Sackets Harbor the previously year and was one of a few officers to have escaped the 1813 St. Lawrence expedition with his reputation intact. To support Brown, Armstrong provided a group of newly promoted brigadier generals which included Winfield Scott and Peter Porter. One of the few standout American officers of the conflict, Scott was quickly tapped by Brown to oversee the armys training. Going to extraordinary lengths, Scott relentlessly drilled the regulars under his command for the upcoming campaign (Map). A New Resilience To open the campaign, Brown sought to re-take Fort Erie before turning north to engage British forces under Major General Phineas Riall. Crossing the Niagara River early on July 3, Browns men succeeded in surrounding the fort and overwhelming its garrison by noon. Learning of this, Riall began moving south and formed a defensive line along the Chippawa River. The next day, Brown ordered Scott to march north with his brigade. Moving towards the British position, Scott was slowed by an advance guard led by Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Pearson. Finally reaching the British lines, Scott elected to await reinforcements and withdrew a short distance south to Street Creek. Though Brown had planned a flanking movement for July 5, he was beat to the punch when Riall attacked Scott. In the resulting Battle of Chippawa, Scotts men soundly defeated the British. The battle made Scott a hero and provided a badly needed morale boost (Map). Heartened by Scotts success, Brown hoped to take Fort George and link up with Commodore Isaac Chaunceys naval force on Lake Ontario. With this done, he could begin a march westward around the lake towards York. As in the past, Chauncey proved uncooperative and Brown advanced only as far as Queenston Heights as he knew Riall was being reinforced. British strength continued to grow and command was assumed by Lieutenant General Gordon Drummond. Unsure of British intentions, Brown dropped back to the Chippawa before ordering Scott to reconnoiter north. Locating the British along Lundys Lane, Scott immediately moved to attack on July 25. Though outnumbered, he held his position until Brown arrived with reinforcements. The ensuing Battle of Lundys Lane lasted until midnight and was fought to a bloody draw. In the fighting, Brown, Scott, and Drummond were wounded, while Riall was wounded and captured. Having taken heavy losses and now outnumbered, Brown elected to fall back on Fort Erie. Slowly pursued by Drummond, American forces reinforced Fort Erie and succeeded in repelling a British attack on August 15. The British attempted a siege of the fort, but were forced to withdraw in late September when their supply lines were threatened. On November 5, Major General George Izard, who had taken over from Brown, ordered the fort evacuated and destroyed, effectively ending the war on the Niagara frontier. 1813: Success on Lake Erie, Failure Elsewhere | War of 1812: 101 | 1815: New Orleans Peace 1813: Success on Lake Erie, Failure Elsewhere | War of 1812: 101 | 1815: New Orleans Peace Up Lake Champlain With the conclusion of hostilities in Europe, General Sir George Prevost, the governor-general of Canada and commander-in-chief of British forces in North America, was informed in June 1814 that over 10,000 veterans of the Napoleonic Wars would dispatched for use against the Americans. He was also told that London expected him to undertake offensive operations before the close of the year. Assembling his army south of Montreal, Prevost intended to strike south through the Lake Champlain corridor. Following the route of Major General John Burgoynes failed Saratoga Campaign of 1777, Prevost elected to take this path due to antiwar sentiment found in Vermont. As on Lakes Erie and Ontario, both sides on Lake Champlain had been engaged in a ship-building race for over a year. Having built a fleet of four ships and twelve gunboats, Captain George Downie was to sail up (south) the lake in support of Prevosts advance. On the American side, the land defense was headed by Major General George Izard. With the arrival of British reinforcements in Canada, Armstrong believed that Sackets Harbor was under threat and ordered Izard to leave Lake Champlain with 4,000 men to reinforce the Lake Ontario base. Though he protested the move, Izard departed leaving Brigadier General Alexander Macomb with a mixed force of around 3,000 to man the newly built fortifications along the Saranac River. The Battle of Plattsburgh Crossing the border on August 31 with around 11,000 men, Prevosts advance was harassed by Macombs men. Undaunted, the veteran British troops pushed south and occupied Plattsburgh on September 6. Though he badly outnumbered Macomb, Prevost paused for four days to prepare to assault the American works and to allow Downie time to arrive. Supporting Macomb was Master Commandant Thomas MacDonoughs fleet of four ships and ten gunboats. Arrayed in a line across Plattsburgh Bay, MacDonoughs position required Downie to sail further south and round Cumberland Head before attacking. With his commanders eager to strike, Prevost intended to move forward against Macombs left while Downies ships attacked the Americans in the bay. Arriving early on September 11, Downie moved to attack the American line. Forced to combat light and variable winds, the British were unable to maneuver as desired. In a hard-fought battle, MacDonoughs ships took a beating were able to overcome the British. During the battle, Downie was killed as were many of the officers on his flagship, HMS Confiance (36 guns). Ashore, Prevost was late in moving forward with his assault. While artillery on both sides dueled, some British troops advanced and were achieving success when they were recalled by Prevost. Having learned of Downies defeat on the lake, the British commander decided to call off the assault. Believing that control of the lake was necessary for the resupply of his army, Prevost argued that any advantage gained by taking the American position would be negated by the inevitable need to withdraw down the lake. By evening, Prevosts massive army was retreating back to Canada, much to the astonishment of Macomb. Fire in the Chesapeake With the campaigns underway along the Canadian border, the Royal Navy, guided by Vice Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane, worked to tighten the blockade and conduct raids against the American coast. Already eager to inflict damage on the Americans, Cochrane was further encouraged in July 1814 after receiving a letter from Prevost asking him to assist in avenging the American burnings of several Canadian towns. To execute these attacks, Cochrane turned to Rear Admiral George Cockburn who had spent much of 1813 raiding up and down the Chesapeake Bay. To support these operations, a brigade of Napoleonic veterans, led by Major General Robert Ross, was dispatched to the region. On August 15, Ross transports passed the Virginia Capes and sailed up the bay to join with Cochrane and Cockburn. Discussing their options, the three men elected to attempt an attack on Washington DC. This combined force quickly trapped Commodore Joshua Barneys gunboat flotilla in the Patuxent River. Pushing upstream, they swept aside Barneys force and began landing Rosss 3,400 men and 700 marines on August 19. In Washington, the Madison Administration struggled to meet the threat. Not believing Washington would be a target, little had been done in terms of preparation. Organizing the defense was Brigadier General William Winder, a political appointee from Baltimore who had previously been captured at the Battle of Stoney Creek. As the bulk of the US Armys regulars were occupied in the north, Winder was forced to largely rely on militia. Meeting no resistance, Ross and Cockburn advanced rapidly from Benedict. Moving through Upper Marlborough, the two decided to approach Washington from the northeast and cross the East Branch of the Potomac at Bladensburg (Map). Massing 6,500 men, including Barneys sailors, Winder opposed the British at Bladensburg on August 24. In the Battle of Bladensburg, which was viewed by President James Madison, Winders men were forced back and driven from the field despite inflicting higher losses on the British (Map). As American troops fled back through the capital, the government evacuated and Dolley Madison worked to save key items from the Presidents House. The British entered the city that evening and soon the Capitol, Presidents House, and Treasury Building were ablaze. Camping on Capitol Hill, the British troops resumed their destruction the following day before beginning the march back to their ships that evening. 1813: Success on Lake Erie, Failure Elsewhere | War of 1812: 101 | 1815: New Orleans Peace 1813: Success on Lake Erie, Failure Elsewhere | War of 1812: 101 | 1815: New Orleans Peace By the Dawns Early Light Emboldened by their success against Washington, Cockburn next advocated for a strike against Baltimore. A pro-war city with a fine harbor, Baltimore had long served as a base for American privateers operating against British commerce. While Cochrane and Ross were less enthusiastic, Cockburn succeeded in convincing them to move up the bay. Unlike Washington, Baltimore was defended by Major George Armisteads garrison at Fort McHenry and around 9,000 militia who had been busy building an elaborate system of earthworks. These latter defensive endeavors were overseen Major General (and Senator) Samuel Smith of the Maryland militia. Arriving at the mouth of the Patapsco River, Ross and Cochrane planned a two-prong attack against the city with the former landing at North Point and advancing overland, while the navy attacked Fort McHenry and the harbor defenses by water. Going ashore at North Point early on September 12, Ross began advancing towards the city with his men. Anticipating Ross actions and needing more time to complete the citys defenses, Smith dispatched 3,200 men and six cannon under Brigadier General John Stricker to delay the British advance. Meeting in the Battle of North Point, American forces successfully delayed the British advance and killed Ross. With the generals death, command ashore passed to Colonel Arthur Brooke. The next day, Cochrane advanced the fleet up the river with the goal of attacking Fort McHenry. Ashore, Brooke pushed on to the city but was surprised to find substantial earthworks manned by 12,000 men. Under orders not to attack unless with a high chance of success, he halted to await the outcome of Cochranes assault. In the Patapsco, Cochrane was hampered by shallow waters which precluded sending forward his heaviest ships to strike at Fort McHenry. As a result, his attack force consisted of five bomb ketches, 10 smaller warships, and the rocket vessel HMS Erebus. By 6:30 AM they were in position and opened fire on Fort McHenry. Remaining out of range of Armisteads guns, the British ships struck the fort with heavy mortar shells (bombs) and Congreve rockets from Erebus. As the ships closed, they came under intense fire from Armisteads guns and were compelled to draw back to their original positions. In effort to break the stalemate, the British attempted to move around the fort after dark but were thwarted. By dawn, the British had fired between 1,500 and 1,800 rounds at the fort with little impact. As the sun began to rise, Armistead ordered the forts small storm flag lowered and replaced with the standard garrison flag measuring 42 feet by 30 feet. Sewn by local seamstress Mary Pickersgill, the flag was clearly visible to all of the ships in the river. The sight of the flag and the ineffectiveness of the 25-hour bombardment convinced Cochrane that the harbor could not be breached. Ashore, Brooke, with no support from the navy, decided against a costly attempt on the American lines and began retreating towards North Point where his troops re-embarked. The successful defense of the fort inspired Francis Scott Key, a witness to the fighting, to write The Star-Spangled Banner. Withdrawing from Baltimore, Cochranes fleet departed the Chesapeake and sailed south where it would play role in the wars final battle. 1813: Success on Lake Erie, Failure Elsewhere | War of 1812: 101 | 1815: New Orleans Peace

Chieldren's Group Activities Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Chieldren's Group Activities - Assignment Example For instance, take the outlook of a physical education teacher. "Cognitively, preschool children are at a pre-operational stage. New schema are constantly changing as children accommodate and assimilate information. Young children are still developing principles of conservation, seriation, and other important foundational learning fundamentals. They have short attention spans and usually can process or focus on only one concept at a time. They learn best through active experiences in the tactile kinesthetic mode" (Werner, 1994, pg.1; Gura, P., 1996; and Hurst, V., 1997). Group play with small children is self-centered. This is the time that their self-esteem and self-concept are developing and must be nourished through positive experiences. "Socially, preschool children are developing interactive skills with others, but often revert to behaviors which satisfy themselves" (Werner, 1994, pg. 1; Hurst, V. & Joseph, J, 1998). Listening also plays an important role in group interactive skills. "Interactive skills ensure that you understand the messages your counterparts are communicating and acknowledge their feelings. Interactive skills include clarifying, verifying, and reflecting" (Everyone Negotiates, 2008, pg. 2). The process of clarifying involves using "facilitative questions to fill in the details, get additional information, and explore all sides of an issue." The process of verifying involves paraphrasing a speaker's words to ensure that they are being interpreted correctly. Finally, the process of reflecting involves making "remarks that acknowledge and show empathy for the speaker's feeling" (Everyone Negotiates, 2008, pg. 2). How Sessions are Planned and Managed "Different children have different personalities, and likewise, children have different intelligences and learning styles-some are visual-spatial learners, some auditory learners, some kinesthetic learners, and some a combination. By understanding your child's learning personality, you can tailor his environment or teach him tips to help him succeed in school and in life" (Education.com, 2008, pg. 5). This means that the various learning styles that a group of children exhibits will determine how sessions are planned and managed. Knowing how to plan and manage a session is critical in ensuring successful knowledge transmission among group members. Teachers need to know the different learning and thinking styles and how they affect children in the group, a thorough lesson plan needs to be developed based on those needs, proper discipline needs to be maintained, the strengths and weaknesses of the group members need to be identified and assessed, and the teacher should have a working knowledge of social and emotional learning (Education.com, 2008, pg. 5). How Assessment Strategies are Used to Progress Children's Learning "Assessment doesn't take time away from learning; assessments can be learning experiences in themselves. Active assessment strategies enhance student content understanding and promote skills that will be beneficial to students throughout their lives. The ability to see the big picture, develop effective oral